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An atom is most stable when its ultimate energy level contains as many electrons as it can hold. For example, Helium has two electrons, both in the first energy level. This energy level can only hold two electrons, so helium’s only energy level is full. This makes helium a very stable element.
4. The fifth energy level contains: 5s (holds 2 electrons), 5p (holds 6), 5d (holds 10), and 5f (holds 14) for a total of 32 electrons.
For this second column in the periodic table, we have two valence electrons for magnesium in the third energy level and we have two valence electrons for beryllium in the second energy level. So everything in that column has two valence electrons in that outermost shell.
Group II elements have two electrons in their outermost shell. So magnesium, calcium and strontium are the 3 elements that have two electrons in their outermost orbit.
In its neutral state, Helium has two electrons orbiting the nucleus. Model of a helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons.
These elements form the family of alkaline earth metals. Yes, calcium is defined as a metal based on its physical and chemical properties. They all have an outer shell with two electrons and are very reactive.
Two is the maximum number of electrons for the level, so the other electrons must go to higher energy levels. The n=2 level can hold up to eight electrons, so the next 8 electrons go to the n=2 level.
Re: The 5th Shell [ENDORSED]
The 5th shell has 5s, 5p, 5d, 5f, and 5g orbitals. An s orbital can hold 2, p 6, d 10, f 14 and g 18 (which you shouldn’t know for this class). Adding them together gives you 50 electrons for the 5th shell to hold. This also follows the 2n^2 rule.
In order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p… 1s is first filled with a maximum of 2 electrons. 2s are filled next, with the maximum of 2 electrons. Next, 2p is filled with a maximum of 6 electrons.
This first shell has only one subshell (marked 1s) and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Because of this, there are two elements on the first row of the periodic table (H & He). Since the first shell can only hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the third electron has to go into the second shell.
A: Calcium is a Group 2 element with two valence electrons.
Hydrogen (H) and helium (He) have a valence shell that contains one and two electrons, respectively. They form the first period (row) of the periodic table.
So… for the element BOR, you already know that the atomic number tells you the number of electrons. That means there are 5 electrons in a boron atom. If you look at the picture, you can see that there are two electrons in shell one and three more in shell two.
Nitrogen has 5 valence shell electrons, of which only 3 electrons are used to form bonds and 2 s electrons remain the same.
The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in an atom or molecule can have the same four electronic quantum numbers. Since an orbital can only contain a maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spins.
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